Migraines: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
What Are Migraines in Children and Teens?
Migraines are more than just headaches. They are a neurological condition that causes severe, throbbing head pain, often accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light, and dizziness. While many people associate migraines with adults, children and teenagers can also suffer from this condition.
According to the American Migraine Foundation, nearly 10% of children and teens experience migraines, with girls being more commonly affected after puberty.
Common Symptoms of Pediatric Migraines
Migraines in children may look different from adult migraines. Common symptoms include:
- Intense, throbbing head pain (often on one side)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sensitivity to light or sound
- Dizziness or vision changes
- Fatigue or mood changes before or after the headache
- Visual or sensory aura (flashing lights, blurry vision, or unusual smells)
Some children may not be able to describe their symptoms clearly, which can make diagnosis challenging.
What Causes Migraines in Kids?
While the exact cause of migraines isn’t fully understood, they are believed to be the result of changes in brain chemistry and blood flow. Several risk factors and triggers can lead to migraines in children, including:
Genetics
- Children are more likely to have migraines if a parent also suffers from them.
Common Triggers
- Stress and anxiety
- Irregular sleep patterns
- Skipping meals
- Certain foods (like chocolate, aged cheese, and processed meats)
- Bright lights or loud sounds
- Hormonal changes, especially during adolescence
How Are Migraines Diagnosed in Children?
There is no specific test to confirm a migraine. A pediatric neurologist will make a diagnosis based on:
- A detailed history of symptoms
- Family history of migraines
- Physical and neurological exams
If needed, imaging tests like an MRI may be used to rule out other possible causes of headaches.
Migraine Treatment Options for Children and Teens
There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for migraines, but many effective options are available.
1. Lifestyle Modifications
- Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
- Eat regular, balanced meals
- Stay hydrated
- Limit screen time
- Encourage daily physical activity
2. Trigger Management
- Use a headache diary to track and avoid common migraine triggers.
3. Medications
- Acute medications: Taken at the onset of a migraine (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or prescription triptans).
- Preventive medications: Used daily to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.
4. Natural and Supportive Therapies
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Biofeedback
- Magnesium or riboflavin supplements (under medical supervision)
When Should You See a Pediatric Neurologist?
If your child has:
- Frequent or intense headaches
- Headaches that interfere with school or daily activities
- Headaches with vision problems, confusion, or fainting
… it’s time to schedule an evaluation with a pediatric neurology specialist.
Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your child’s quality of life and prevent long-term issues.
Conclusion: Managing Migraines in Children and Teens
Migraines are a serious condition that can significantly impact a child’s well-being. However, with the right care and support, most children can learn to manage their symptoms effectively. Our Pediatric Neurology clinic specializes in creating personalized treatment plans to help your child feel better and thrive.